Polybutylene Plumbing Pipe Issues
Many people buying a home find they have to complete a
questionnaire for their insurer and one of the questions they will be asked is
what type of plumbing pipe do they have in the home. There is a type of pipe
called polybutylene which is on insurance company’s radar due to leaks and
water damage to homes caused by these leaks.
Polybutylene is a grey flexible pipe and was used
extensively between 1978 and 1995. It became popular due to the high price of
copper and the lower installation costs. Possibly 200,000 homes in British
Columbia were plumbed with this pipe.
Polybutylene was subject to a class action law suit which
has closed. This pipe is no longer manufactured and was removed from the
National Plumbing Code in 2005.
The pipe has failed in two ways; either at the fittings or
the pipe itself. Failures at the fittings have been more common.
Initially grey plastic acetal connections were used. These
could be damaged during installation by over crimping the metal ring that holds
the fitting in place. They also reportedly can fail when exposed to high levels
of chlorine in the water. Subsequently, copper fittings were used.
(Copper Fittings)
Like all types of plumbing, poor installation can cause
problems down the road. These include over crimping of metal rings, kinking the
pipe during installation or running the pipe too close to a heat source like
the water heater venting. Typically, copper pipe should be used for the first
18 inches at the water heater.
Again high levels of chlorine are thought to cause premature
failure. Many of the failures with poly B pipe occurred in the southern United States
where pipes are run through attic spaces. Temperatures in attics in these areas
can become extremely high.
Home owners who have poly B pipe should check connections
for signs of failure and ensure that the pipe running through crawlspaces and
unfinished basements is adequately supported. Sagging pipe can stress the
connections and cause failure. Poly B pipe should be supported with plastic
hangers as other types of hanger can cause damage to the pipe. As mentioned the
pipe should be kept away from water heater venting.
Poly B and Heating
When used with Hydronic Heating systems this pipe can allow
oxygen into the water circulating through the boiler which may result in
premature failure of the boiler. There are ways to counter this, either by
installing a separate heat exchanger so that water running through the heating
pipe is not in contact with water running through the boiler or by introducing
a chemical into the water to inhibit corrosion. Home owners with this type of
system should have them serviced and checked annually with a contractor
familiar with these systems.
Poly B and Insurance
While there are insurers that will insure homes with Poly B
many will have higher premiums. Some Insurers may not insure a home with Poly
B, particularly if there have been previous claims related to plumbing leaks.
In some cases deductibles can be very high. A home inspection will determine
the type of plumbing system the home has and if plumbed with poly B the
purchaser should discuss insurance options with an experienced Broker.
Peter Wright is a Home Inspector for
AmeriSpec Fraser Valley, providing Home Inspections, Commercial Inspections and
Energy Audits in Langley, Abbotsford, Chilliwack, Coquitlam and Port Coquitlam.
www.amerispec.ca/fraservalley or call 604-513-1989
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